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By Ho-Won Jeong (eds.)
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Additional resources for Approaches to Peacebuilding
Sample text
On the contrary, he maintains, we are witnessing a proliferation of false democracies (which he calls 'illiberal democracies') that show little or no respect for the real foundations of constitutional liberalism, notably the rule of law and individual freedoms. ' And, he adds, without liberalism, 'the introduction of democracy in divided societies has actually fomented nationalism, ethnic conflict, and even war' (Zakaria, 1997, 37 pp. 28, 35). On this view, it is not democracy but constitutional liberalism that sows the seeds of peace.
This choice gives absolute priority to peace over democracy. It assumes that, contrary to the thesis of 'democratic peace', it is peace that brings democracy and not the reverse. The issue here is of crucial importance given the emphasis peacebuilding Does Peacebuilding Build Peace? 37 issue here is of crucial importance given the emphasis peacebuilding missions place on organising elections. Paradoxically, to proceed precipitously with elections may tum out to be the least productive way to build peace and ensure the emergence of democracy.
It operates primarily through multilateral mechanisms and international organisations. Peacebuilding relies, first and foremost, on the cooperative security approach, since its demands for resources can mostly be marshalled through multilateral aid. 'Positive peace', 'human security' and 'cooperative security' constitute standards that are meant to further the agenda of peacebuilding and the interests of a stable liberal order within the international system. These standards now shape, in whole or in part, the conduct of certain forms of foreign policy- to the point where they are seen as a 'new interventionism' (Stedman, 1993, pp.