Download Goddesses and the divine feminine : a Western religious by Rosemary Ruether PDF
By Rosemary Ruether
Rosemary Radford Ruether starts off her exploration of the divine female with an research of prehistoric archaeology that demanding situations the preferred concept that, until eventually their overthrow through male-dominated monotheism, many old societies have been matriarchal in constitution, ruled via a female divinity and current in concord with nature. For Ruether, the ancient proof indicates the truth approximately those societies is far extra complicated. She is going directly to give some thought to key myths and rituals from Sumerian, Babylonian, Egyptian, and Anatolian cultures; to ascertain the relationships between gender, deity, and nature within the Hebrew faith; and to debate the improvement of Mariology and feminine mysticism in medieval Catholicism, and the continuation of knowledge mysticism in Protestanism. She additionally provides a provocative research of the assembly of Aztec and Christian woman symbols in Mexico and of contemporary neo-pagan routine within the United States.
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The Return of the Goddess Conclusion Notes Index ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Venus of Willendorf 2. Bull, bucrania, and bulls' horns 3. Leaping figure above bulls' heads 4. Leaping figure 5. Vultures swooping down on headless human corpses 6. Seated female figure between two leopards 7. The Goddess Inanna, with foot on back of a lion 8. The courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi 9. Inanna riding ahead of a war chariot 10. Inanna/Ishtar, as Goddess of war, bringing captives to the king 11. The Goddess Anat on a war chariot 12.
CONTENTS List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Gender and the Problem of Prehistory 2. Goddesses and World Renewal in the Ancient Mediterranean 3. The Hebrew God and Gender 4. Savior Goddesses in the Mystery Religions and Gnosticism 5. The Spiritual Feminine in New Testament and Patristic Christianity 6. Feminine Symbols in Medieval Religious Literature 7. Tonantzin-Guadalupe: The Meeting of Aztec and Christian Female Symbols in Mexico 8. Mary and Wisdom in Protestant Mystical Millennialism 9.
18 Chapter 1 attempts to sort out this question of gender and prehistory, particularly in the conflict between those who endorse the perspective of Marija Gimbutas and the feminist archaeologists who have critiqued it. In this chapter and in the first part of chapter 2, I suggest a mediating way of viewing this development from prehistoric to early patriarchal societies, which sees the earlier societies as more egalitarian but probably not female-dominated. The second part of chapter 2 focuses on four major goddesses of the ancient Mediterranean world: Inanna/Ishtar, Anat, Isis, and Demeter.