Download Functional Glycomics by Minoru Fukuda PDF
By Minoru Fukuda
Long ago decade, there was an explosion of development in knowing the jobs of carbohydrates in organic structures. This explosive development was once made with the efforts in opting for the jobs of carbohydrates in immunology, neurobiology and lots of different disciplines, analyzing every one designated process and utilizing new know-how. This quantity represents the second one of 3 within the tools in Enzymology sequence, together with Glycobiology (vol. 415) and Glycomics (vol. 416), devoted to disseminating details on equipment in identifying the organic roles of carbohydrates. those books are designed to supply an creation of latest the way to a wide number of readers who wish to perform and give a contribution to the development of glycobiology. The tools coated comprise structural research of carbohydrates, organic and chemical synthesis of carbohydrates, expression and backbone of ligands for carbohydrate-binding proteins, gene expression profiling together with micro array, and iteration of gene knockout mice and their phenotype analyses.
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Extra info for Functional Glycomics
Sample text
For immunohistochemical analysis, the most important point is selecting primary antibodies and proper fixation conditions. For example, to stain sections with a polysialic acid antibody, mice are perfused intracardially with phosphate‐ buffered saline (PBS) followed by 4% paraformaldehyde before preparing frozen sections. On the other hand, fixation with Carnoy’s fixative (60% ethanol, 30% chloroform, 10% acetic acid) followed by paraffin embedding is suitable for detecting some other antigens (see next section for an example).
R. (1984). Properties of a monoclonal antibody to epidermal growth factor receptor with implications for the mechanism of action of EGF. EMBO J. 3, 929–937. , and Taniguchi, N. (2004). Beta1,4‐N‐Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III down‐ regulates neurite outgrowth induced by costimulation of epidermal growth factor and integrins through the Ras/ERK signaling pathway in PC12 cells. Glycobiology 14, 177–186. Hakomori Si, S. I. (2002). Inaugural article: The glycosynapse. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 225–232.
It has been reported that the binding of EGF to EGFR was significantly reduced by treatment with some N‐glycosylation inhibitors (Soderquist and Carpenter, 1984). , 1995), indicating that N‐glycans are required for ligand binding. , 2004). , 2004). Thus, N‐linked oligosaccharides on EGFR seem to be important factors for receptor function. However, to date, the roles of core fucosylation in EGFR‐mediating functions have not been identified yet. The epidermal growth factor (EGF)–induced phosphorylation levels of the EGF receptor (EGFR) were substantially blocked in Fut8À/Àcells compared with Fut8þ/þcells, whereas there are no significant changes in the total activities of tyrosine phosphatase for phosphorylated EGFR between two cells.