Download Carabid Beetles in Their Environments: A Study on Habitat by Professor Dr. Hans-Ulrich Thiele (auth.) PDF
By Professor Dr. Hans-Ulrich Thiele (auth.)
With the expanding numbers of analysis employees and teams of investigators devoting themselves to the ecology of carabids I felt that the time had come to take inventory of the prevailing wisdom during this box and to endeavour to weld my own effects and people of alternative staff right into a finished photo. It used to be with those goals in brain that the next learn used to be conceived. another objective used to be to try to teach to what volume study on carabids can give a contribution to the bigger fields of study encompassing ecology, ethology and evolution. for my part the investigations on carabids let us to attract conclusions of basic applicability and, as such, related with these made in recent times upon different teams of animals. i'm good conscious of the danger concerned these days in making an attempt, on one's personal, to combine effects from a wide selection of clinical disciplines right into a significant entire, and for that reason i'm regularly thankful for corrections and for more information. it truly is most unlikely for me to say via identify all the col leagues who've given me their help within the education of the e-book. Reprints in their courses were put at my disposal by way of just about all of the authors stated, in addition to by means of others whose names and works were passed over basically so one can hinder the ebook from taking up encyclopedic seasoned parts. i'm however indebted to all of them for his or her cooperation.
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Extra info for Carabid Beetles in Their Environments: A Study on Habitat Selection by Adaptations in Physiology and Behaviour
Example text
The Carabid Fauna of Permanent Forms of Cultivated Land Meadows and pastures or clover and alfalfa fields have in common that the ground is left untilled for several years in succession. In order to come to conclusions as to the carabid fauna of land of this type in Europe, 12 publications concerning grassland and four dealing with clover and alfalfa fields have been consulted (see footnote p. 26). As mentioned above, the eight species most common on arable land also occur in the undisturbed areas, where they, as a rule, occupy a dominant position (only Agonum muelleri is much less frequent in meadows).
They occur mainly in central, northern and eastern Europe and, in a specialized form, in the European mountains. 37 Species of organisms strictly bound to such moors are termed tyrphobiontic, and those with a distribution maximum in such habitats are referred to as tyrphophilic. The carabid fauna of the eutrophic fens has been little investigated using modern trapping methods. An extensive study, however, has been reported by larmer (1973) on moors and swamps bordering the old branches of the lower Rhine, and a reed swamp in Bohemia (Czechoslovakia) has been studied in some detail by Obrtel (1972).
The microclimatic requirements of the carabids of the Fagetalia explain why, if they occur in Quercetalia, they prefer those of mountain regions with their cool, moist macroclimate. Their numbers are reduced, however, owing to the sparser ground vegetation and hence more variable conditions of temperature and humidity than in the Fagetalia. The importance of micro climatic requirements for their distribution among plant communities is well illustrated by the following observation (Thiele and Kolbe, 1962; Table 8): Pterostichus cristatus and Trichotichnus laevicollis, which in experiments prefer wet or cold conditions, occur more frequently in moist than in dry places within a mountainous FagoQuercetum, whereas the warm-preferring Carabus problematicus and warm- and Table 8.