Download An Ecological and Societal Approach to Biological Control by J. Eilenberg, Heikki M. T. Hokkanen PDF

By J. Eilenberg, Heikki M. T. Hokkanen
Biological keep watch over is likely one of the such a lot promising tools for regulate of pests, illnesses and weeds, and this e-book treats ecological and societal features jointly for the 1st time. the purpose is to judge the importance of definite organic homes like biodiversity and average habitats. In a societal technique phrases like ‘consumer’s attitude’, ‘risk perception’, ‘learning and schooling’ and ‘value triangle’ are well-known as major for organic creation and human welfare.
Read or Download An Ecological and Societal Approach to Biological Control (Progress in Biological Control) PDF
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Extra info for An Ecological and Societal Approach to Biological Control (Progress in Biological Control)
Example text
Evaluation of results. Economics of biological control. In: Bellows, T. S. and Fischer, T. W. (eds), Handbook of Biological Control. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, 243-252. Hokkanen, H. M. T. and Hajek, A. E. (eds) 2003. Environmental Impact of Microbial Insecticides: Need and Methods for Risk Assessment. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. A. W. 1999. Biological control in subtropical and tropical crops. In: Bellows, T. S. and Fischer, T. W. (eds), Handbook of Biological Control.
Codex Alimentarius guidelines The Codex Alimentarius is a joint food standards programme of FAO/WHO (United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization). The Codex Alimentarius is a collection of internationally adopted food standards. Their purpose is to protect the health of consumers and to ensure fair practices in food trade (Codex Alimentarius Commission, 1999/2001). The ‘guidelines for the production, processing, marketing and labelling of organically produced foods’ (hereafter called ‘Codex guidelines’) were published in 1999 and revised in 2001.
1. What is organic farming? Many people primarily think of organic farming as ‘farming without chemicals’ (Lampkin, 1990). This oversimplified view suggests that organic farming substitutes ‘agro-chemicals’ with ‘organic inputs’. In the present context, this would mean that pesticides or veterinary drugs are substituted with biocontrol agents. Organic farming defines itself primarily by what it is doing, and not by what it is avoiding. The IFOAM Basic Standards (see below) define organic farming as a system approach resulting in ‘a sustainable ecosystem, safe food, good nutrition, animal welfare and social justice’, which is ‘more than a system of production that includes or excludes certain inputs’.