Download 110 Semiconductor Projects for the Home Constructor by R. M. Marston (Auth.) PDF
By R. M. Marston (Auth.)
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Extra info for 110 Semiconductor Projects for the Home Constructor
Example text
C. converter 110 SEMICONDUCTOR PROJECTS 53 circuit t h e n eliminates t h e ' f a d e ' t h a t o c c u r s o n d i s t a n t s t a t i o n s , b u t d o e s n o t i n t r o d u c e excessive a u t o m a t i c v o l u m e a d j u s t m e n t d u r i n g brief pauses in n o r m a l speech. T h i s characteristic is also useful in t a p e r e c o r d e r a n d i n t e r c o m circuits, e t c . T. chopper Finally, Fig. 2 . t. c. i n p u t voltage i n t o a square wave ' c h o p p e d ' o u t p u t w i t h an a m p l i t u d e e q u a l t o t h e i n p u t .
Signal is a p p l i e d t o Q2 b a s e , a n d t h a t transistor is driven o n . As Q2 is driven o n , its collector m o v e s t o w a r d s +ve line p o t e n t i a l , a n d t h e relay is driven o n . When t h e —ve going p a r t s of t h e i n p u t w a v e f o r m are a p p l i e d t o Ql b a s e , Ql c u t s off, b u t base c u r r e n t c o n t i n u e s t o flow in Q2 via C , so Q2 a n d t h e relay stay o n . c. c. s w i t c h . / ^ p r e v e n t s excessive base c u r r e n t s flowing in Q2.
It uses t h e s y m b o l s h o w n in Fig. 1a, e m p l o y s t h e f o r m of c o n s t r u c t i o n s h o w n in Fig. 3 . 1 b , a n d h a s t h e equivalent circuit of Fig. 1c. L o o k i n g first at Fig. 3 . 1 b , t h e device is m a d e u p of a b a r of n - t y p e silicon material w i t h a non-rectifying c o n t a c t (base 1 a n d base 2) at either e n d , a n d a t h i r d , rectifying, c o n t a c t ( e m i t t e r ) alloyed i n t o t h e bar p a r t w a y along its l e n g t h , t o form t h e only j u n c t i o n w i t h i n t h e device ( h e n c e t h e n a m e ' u n i j u n c t i o n ' ) .