Download Introduction to Concurrency Theory: Transition Systems and by Roberto Gorrieri, Cristian Versari PDF
By Roberto Gorrieri, Cristian Versari
This ebook offers the basics of concurrency thought with readability and rigor. The authors begin with the semantic constitution, particularly labelled transition structures, which supplies us with the ability and the instruments to specific techniques, to compose them, and to end up homes they take pleasure in. the remainder of the e-book will depend on Milner's Calculus of speaking structures, adapted types of that are used to review quite a few notions of equality among platforms, and to enquire intimately the expressive strength of the versions considered.
The authors continue from very uncomplicated effects to more and more advanced concerns, with many examples and workouts that support to bare the various subtleties of the subject. The ebook is acceptable for complicated undergraduate and graduate scholars in computing device technology and engineering, and scientists engaged with theories of concurrency.
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Extra info for Introduction to Concurrency Theory: Transition Systems and CCS
Sample text
Unfortunately, function halt is not computable and so the halting problem is unsolvable. If halt were computable, then we could compute also function K(x) = halt(x, x). If function K were computable, we could even compute function G, defined as G(x) = 1 if K(x) = 0 undefined if K(x) = 1. But now since G is computable, there should exist a Turing machine that computes G; suppose Z j is this Turing machine. Then, we get a contradiction when computing G( j): either G( j) = 1, which is possible only if K( j) = 0 and so Z j ( j) must diverge, contradicting the fact that G( j) returns 1; or G( j) is undefined, which is possible only if K( j) = 1 and so Z j ( j) converges (also a contradiction).
Equivalences of this kind are called strong to reflect this strict requirement. In 30 2 Transition Systems and Behavioral Equivalences the next section we will discuss the problem of abstracting from the internal action τ. Equivalences discussed there are called weak as they turn out to be less discriminating than the corresponding strong ones, discussed in this section. e. isomorphism, inspired by graph theory; then, we consider trace equivalence, inspired by automata theory; we will argue that both are not convincing as behavioral equivalences in the setting of reactive systems.
Then, we get a contradiction when computing G( j): either G( j) = 1, which is possible only if K( j) = 0 and so Z j ( j) must diverge, contradicting the fact that G( j) returns 1; or G( j) is undefined, which is possible only if K( j) = 1 and so Z j ( j) converges (also a contradiction). As the only assumption we make in our reasoning is that function halt is computable, we can conclude that halt is not computable, and so the halting problem is undecidable. Another well-known problem is the membership problem: given an enumeration G0 , G1 , G2 , .