Download An Environmental History of the World: Humankind's Changing by J. Donald Hughes PDF
By J. Donald Hughes
This paintings presents a concise background, from historical to trendy occasions, of the interactions among human societies and the opposite varieties of existence that inhabit our planet. It investigates the ways that environmental adjustments, frequently the results of human activities, have brought on historic has a tendency in human societies.
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Additional resources for An Environmental History of the World: Humankind's Changing Role in the Community of Life (Routledge Studies in Physical Geography and Environment)
Example text
In Shanghai, I visited a marketplace where an astonishing variety of stalls lined the lane, stocked with every staple for the kitchen: vegetables and fruits from gardens just outside the city, live ducks from a nearby lake, lotus and water chestnuts and snails that country people brought to sell. What is often described as a series of economic transactions also can be seen as humans manipulating and using other species of animals and plants. An easy walk from the center of Avila in Spain took me along the crowded streets of a thriving provincial capital, out a gate in the massive walls, through wheat fields, vineyards, and olive orchards, to a viewpoint where, looking back over the city, I could glimpse the pineclad heights of the Sierra.
The body is an immense community of living cells, related to one another in myriads of ways. The whole is greater than the sum of parts. Similarly, Gaia is a community that includes billions of living bodies, but the structure of that living community is much more complex than that of the body, as the structure of the body is more complex than that of the cell. The body is a somatic organism, but Gaia is an ecological organism. Thus defined, Gaia is much more than a metaphor. The physiological processes of Gaia are the interrelationships defined and studied by ecology.
The scaffolding is of bamboo that grew in the same forests, tied with ropes of hemp from fields that can be seen in the hazy distance from the top of the building. Like all cities, this one uses resources transported from the land near at hand or far away. In Shanghai, I visited a marketplace where an astonishing variety of stalls lined the lane, stocked with every staple for the kitchen: vegetables and fruits from gardens just outside the city, live ducks from a nearby lake, lotus and water chestnuts and snails that country people brought to sell.