Download Acute Toxicology Testing by Shayne C. Gad PDF
By Shayne C. Gad
Acute toxicology checking out presents the 1st defensive position opposed to very likely risky chemical compounds. This publication is a whole and functional advisor to engaging in and reading all regulatory required and familiar acute toxicity checks. It offers unique protocols for the entire universal try designs and studies their improvement and pursuits. Acute Toxicology trying out, moment Edition will curiosity not just staff within the pharmaceutical undefined, but in addition researchers and scholars in toxicology and public health.
Key Features
* Over a hundred tables summarizing and examining results
* whole insurance of all significant attempt designs and their barriers and advantages
* present prestige of different attempt designs and types
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Extra info for Acute Toxicology Testing
Example text
1987) NA No Firestone and Guy (1986) aEvaluated by comparison of predictive accuracy for a range of c o m p o u n d s compared with animal tests results. Not validated in the sense used in this chapter. NA, not applicable. Acute Toxicology Testing 52 mance against various small groups of compounds for which the dermal irritation potential is known. Evaluation by multiple laboratories of a wider range of structures will be essential before any of these systems can be generally utilized. PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION Closely related to all aspects of evaluating dermal irritation and corrosion must be an understanding of what factors influence the absorption of materials through the skin, and also the bases of variation of such absorption due to species, sex, age, technique, etc.
The Structure and Function of Skin, 2nd ed. Academic Press, New York. Naughton, G. , and Naughton, B. A. (1989). A physiological skin model for in vitro toxicity studies. In Progress in in Vitro Toxicology (A. M. ), Vol. 7, pp. 183-189. Liebert, New York. Nixon, G. , Tyson, C. , and Wertz, W. C. (1975). Interspecies comparisons of skin irritancy. Appl. Pharmacol. 31,481-590. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (1992). OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals, Section 404, Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion, adopted July 17, 1992, Paris.
How will we now separate those portions of observed effects which are due to the chemical under study and those portions which are due to the disease process? Can we preclude (or minimize) the possibility of a disease outbreak by doing a more extensive health surveillance and quarantine on our test animals prior to the start of the study? Could we select a better test m o d e l - - o n e that is not as sensitive to upper respiratory or nasal irritation? There are some common pitfalls that occur in the design of acute studies, proving that it is quite possible to design a study for failure.